1. Discuss the significance of Valley Forge Essay

1. Talk about the importance of Valley Forge - Essay Example Conditions in the Valley Forge were poor and coldhearted. Numerous men endured appetite, cold, and maladies, and in the end a significant number of them died2. In the midst of the fundamental difficulties in the valley, the soldiers, under the order of General Washington, remained focused on their objective. It is this determination and versatility that would in the long run make the American Revolution a fantasy work out as expected. The course of freedom stayed valid and alive in their souls. The mainland army’s tremendous enduring in the Valley Forge kept them hopeful that things would show signs of improvement. Despite seemingly insurmountable opposition, Valley Forge gave the soldiers a chance to prepare, redesign, and prepare to confront the British. The military had in the long run made sure about assistance and bolster that permitted it to set out to the progressive interest. In this regard, Valley Forge was a characterizing component of the course that American Revolution would take after June, 1778. Basically, Valley Forge had shown the soldiers that what anticipated them was not a stroll in the recreation center. Taking everything into account, the accomplishment of the American Revolution was in part credited to Valley Forge. Despite the fact that troops had endured and kicked the bucket in the valley, the fantasy of a liberal America stayed alive. North American sever the British Empire got an imperative lift from the develop armed force that rose up out of Valley Forge. Enduring, penance, opportunity, and freedom described the Valley Forge troop movement in the light of the American

The Plant Cell Essay Thesis Example For Students

Facts that have contributed to urban violence in Brazil Research Paper

Realities that have added to urban viciousness in Brazil - Research Paper Example As indicated by Graham, â€Å"In 2012, 94 cops have been slaughtered in the city †twice the same number of as in all of 2011.† Graham additionally expresses that â€Å"Between July and September, on the job cops executed 119 individuals in the metropolitan area.† These killings are identified with wrongdoing and the measurements depict a melancholy picture about the genuine wrongdoing stories acquiring in the Latin American urban areas. The fundamental issue is that the pace of destitution is high in urban zones that are ignored by the legislature. Evidently, the composed wrongdoing bunches just as the ineffectively paid individuals from the police power remain in these territories. The poor cops living in such territories wind up being focuses of sorted out wrongdoing gatherings however they are likewise enduring and living in servile destitution like any other person living in the zone. The poor urban zones in Brazil are home to a huge number of migrants and the circumstance has been exacerbated by the multiplication of groups who bargain in drugs (Graham). It is very hard for the cops to execute their obligations since they are even terrified of uncovering their character inspired by a paranoid fear of being deceived or even murdered by the individuals from the sorted out wrongdoing posses. Sadly, some cops have become individuals from the wrongdoing pack coops as they attempt to enhance their pitiful profit just as to request for assurance from the fear groups with the goal that they are not assaulted just as their families. Then again, it very well may be noticed that Roberto Bricano Leon, Andres Villavecas and Alberto Concha Eastman place such that Brazil reports the most elevated paces of murder because of the way that it has a high extent of urban populace and high pace of destitution. The analysts additionally note that â€Å"the factors identified with brutality incorporate social imbalances, absence of business openings, urban iso lation, a culture of manliness, neighborhood medicate markets, and the accessibility of guns and across the board utilization of alcohol.† This circumstance is aggravated by wasteful legal framework particularly in Brazil given that it encourages exemption. Individuals can wantonly carry out grievous wrongdoings like homicide however they can in any case pull off it. In any event, if there were powerful legal frameworks in this nation, the circumstance was probably going to be leveled out. The investigation additionally noticed that most of youthful guys matured somewhere in the range of 15 and 24 years particularly in Brazil are the most culprits of viciousness and they are likewise the ideal objectives. The fundamental driver of this bothersome pattern is identified with high joblessness rates which essentially add to significant levels of neediness. Sadly, the administration is doing next to no so as to address the financial variables that lead to wrongdoing, for example, j oblessness. A great many people resort to medicate misuse and this makes them enjoy genuine wrongdoings that have frequently brought about death toll. Murray Joseph, Daniel Ricardo de Castro and Khan Tulio express that â€Å"between 1980 and 2010 there were 1 million crimes in Brazil. Emotional increments in crime rates followed increases in disparity, increasingly youngsters in the populace, more prominent accessibility of guns, and expanded medication use.† The most significant viewpoint depicted the creators of this examination is that Brazil has the fifth biggest populace on the planet: 197 million individuals as indicated by the (World Bank 2012b). Clearly, 30% of whom are under age 18 as announced by Unicef 2012. With a gross national salary of about (US$ 11,500 for each capita in 2011,World Bank 2012b), Brazil keeps on having probably the most elevated pace of disparity on the planet. Reaserach has additionally indicated that about 10.9% of the country's populace live in poor states of under $2 every day and the young people are generally affected. Research

Fast Food Popularity in China Essay

Look at the explanations behind the ubiquity of drive-thru eateries in your nation. When, why, and how have these eateries gotten so well known? (Cause) Demonstrate the effect of this prominence on your country’s culture, I. e. , food, wellbeing, economy, way of life. (Impact) You should do some examination on the cheap food chains development, menus, dietary foundation, plans of action, and maybe more. Your examination ought to incorporate more than one drive-thru eatery. As of late, McDonald’s reported their arrangement to extend outlets from 1300 to 2000 before the finish of 2013 in China. It is accounted for that the fundamental reason for existing is to contend with KFC, which is the biggest brisk assistance café brand in China with more than 4,200 cafés in excess of 850 urban areas across China. The developing colossal market and politic techniques taken by cafés make inexpensive food famous in China; this thus impacts China’s economy, culture and wellbeing. There are a few of foundations for cheap food well known in China. On the primary spot, the developing business sector and industry draw in a lot of drive-through eateries. China’s inexpensive food advertise worth more than 700 billion yuan in the most recent year and had a fast speedâ€about 12 percent in the previous quite a while. Moreover, the market is assessed to develop to 1400 billion yuan by 2015. The subsequent primary driver of this prominence is a few systems taken by inexpensive food marks particularly restriction. Take KFC for instance, the brand includes many limited item like Beijing Chicken Roll, tomato egg soup and corn serving of mixed greens to satisfy Chinese purchasers need. The ubiquity likewise brings a few impacts particularly for Chinese culture. Initially, the change thinks about food utilization propensities. For instance, Yum! China’s menu is commanded by meat-rich food with the exception of breakfast. Moreover, quick nourishments are getting reasonable by a great many people with the goal that the brand opens just about 33% of its eateries in open country. Second, conventional wedding has been impacted with wedding administrations gave by some inexpensive food brands. These days, to contrast and Chinese conventional, unrestrained and tacky weddings, an ever increasing number of youngsters in China incline toward littler, simpler and less expensive weddings. Many drive-through joints add to this inclination like McWedding offered by McDonald’s, which is held by café collaborators with a progressively cozy and less exorbitant way. To put it plainly, inexpensive food notoriety affects Chinese dietary pattern and wedding convention. Additionally, the fame affects economy. For a certain something, it builds the incomes for economy. The income of cheap food industry in 2011 is $74. 8 billion which benefits the economy thus. Progressively significant thing is that the income will continue developing at the pace of 14. - 15. 0% in the following five years. For something else, it impacts the agribusiness. With the dangerous advancement of cheap food industry, many grain ranches are out of utilization. In 2011, there are approximately 700 thousand hectares of arable land are reproduced to raise animals or fowl as opposed to developing grains. Subsequently, China needs to depend more on importation and increment grain imports. In 2010, China imported 927 (1000 MT) wheat, while in 2012, about 3200 (1000 MT) wheat were imported. Clearly the prevalence benefits China’s income while hurting the agribusiness establishment. At last, the notoriety likewise conveys two issues for people’s wellbeing: stoutness and diabetes. The quantity of overweight individuals has developed from 18 to 100 million over the most recent 5 years with the quick improvement of cheap food industry. Thus, numerous intricacies like hypertension and diabetes become progressively basic in China. Take diabetes for instance, there are more than 92 million grown-ups experience the ill effects of diabetes and the expenses of diabetes make up about 1. % of GDP. It is irrefutable that drive-through joints make Chinese individuals cost a great deal on their wellbeing particularly on the treatment of diabetes. Taking everything into account, the seek after towards greatest benefits and legitimate systems add to the prevalence of cheap food in China, thus, China’s culture, economy and Chinese wellbeing. Within a reasonable time-frame, the fame of inexpensive food will keep going for a solitary time and will have long haul impacts in china.

Personal reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Individual reflection - Essay Example Much like what Gelb has said on his book, interest in the initial step to virtuoso. This is a quality that I have. I am not effectively flustered when there is an overwhelming errand ahead. Rather, I attempt to resist the urge to panic and attest what should be done and in how things must be finished. It is additionally the multifaceted way to deal with individual improvement that is talked about in ‘Quantum Leadership.’ Along with the adjustments in our general public, there must likewise be the synchronous change in the way to deal with administration. â€Å"The leader’s job is to connect with the unfurling reality, see it, note its requests and suggestions, interpret it for other people and afterward manage others energetically to satisfy the needs of a reality not exactly present† (Porter-OGrady and Malloch, 2010). There had been times when I had been pushed to accept the job of the pioneer and assume responsibility in finishing an errand given. As a gathering we had been given tasks where there is investigate that must be practiced. While others would be fulfilled on managing with what is within reach, I attempt to debilitate all the assets that are accessible and not pass a crazy venture. There are times when what is fundamental isn't effectively found however it turns out to be significantly a greater amount of an achievement when the equivalent is finished. Evaluating new things is another piece of administration that I think feature one’s ability. Rather than continually applying similar thoughts, it is ideal to break the standard so as to try things out to improve. There are such huge numbers of accessible advancements that I attempt to consolidate so as to let others partake in all parts of work. It is by experience that I acknowledge, together with others I worked with, that data is essential to keep up an agreeable relationship. The accessibility of various modes makes this simpler that there is not, at this point an

Free Narrative Essay Samples For Writing Your Own Project

Free Narrative Essay Samples For Writing Your Own ProjectFree narrative essay samples for writing your own project are everywhere. The truth is that no one really likes them, but if you write a successful thesis statement using a plot outline and your essay is accepted, you will still need to cover the argument in your paper. You should not write an essay on your own though and be afraid of giving your opinion on a subject.You can get a good idea on how a plot line is constructed from free narrative essay samples for writing your own project. You should however try to find another way to learn how a project is constructed before making your final choice. The best option is to get some direction from an instructor so you can learn to develop your own plots with your essay topic. You will not be able to use it as a class assignment for now, but you will have fun constructing your own narrative outlines.The first plot you need to construct is the plot summary that follows the thesis sta tement. This will serve as the introduction to your paper. It is the introduction to your thesis statement and you need to start with a successful introduction to your thesis statement. Do not forget to also write your thesis statement as well as a discussion of your thesis.The second step you need to complete for your narrative essay samples for writing your own project is to write the introduction. You need to look at your thesis statement from the point of view of your introductory paragraph. What makes this paragraph so interesting is that it introduces the reader to your premise statement and it is the main focus of your thesis statement.Next you need to compose a few paragraphs to give an introduction to the remainder of your story. Your second paragraph will show how your thesis statement is built around your introductory paragraph. However, keep in mind that you need to show a consistent pattern for your first paragraph, especially the first paragraph. The entire story is bu ilt around that first paragraph.After the introduction to your story, you need to give a conclusion and use the free narrative essay samples for writing your own project for this part. The conclusion should be based on your topic. You can then conclude with a conclusion, ending your paper. However, do not end on a conclusion that is too lengthy. A conclusion needs to be short and direct, but at the same time informative.The next step is to write the outline. This part of your workbook will help you get a better sense of how your story is constructed. You can then begin to create your synopsis and the different parts of your project. For your thesis statement, you can then use free narrative essay samples for writing your own project on the outline that you have completed for your project.These three steps are important steps for completing your narrative project, but you will need to use additional resources for more free narrative essay samples for writing your own project. The fre e resources you will need are the ones that are not outlined in this article.

Physician Assistant Postgraduate Residency and Fellowship Programs The Ultimate Guide

Postgraduate PA School Residency and Fellowship Programs As a new, or even experienced PA, it is normal to feel uncomfortable with the thought of jumping into a medical specialty. Often we have had little more than 30 days of training in a particular field, and we are joining a team of specialists who expect us to perform at the level of seasoned doctor. PA training is generalist in nature with the ability to pick and choose among rotations as a student that may help one gain more experience in a particular field of study prior to graduation. If you have been practicing in a field for some time and want to change directions, it can be very intimidating. We want to do right by our patients, providing them with the very best care in all situations. While on the job training is fine and dandy, depending on your practice you may receive a lot or very little hand holding. This can be a setup for occupational success, professional and personal growth or, on the flip side, failure! To help PAs looking to successfully transition into careers of medical specialty postgraduate PA programs began popping up in the early 1970s. As the profession grows and more and more PAs are entering specialty practice, PA residency programs have adapted to fit our needs. Over the past four decades the PA postgraduate training movement has slowly expanded, and in 2017 there are more than 84 postgraduate PA programs with 70 of those listed on the Association of Postgraduate PA Programs (APPAP) website. All of these postgraduate training programs also referred to as residencies or fellowships, provide some form of advanced learning in various medical and surgical specialties. PA Residency Program Accreditation Unlike PA schools across the country which must undergo a rigorous accreditation process through the ARC-PA, PA residency programs do not require a formalaccreditation to exist. Although I think this will change with time, here are the two accrediting bodies: ARC-PA: There are currently only 8 accredited clinical residencies for PAs in the US, listed on ARC-PAs website here. Accreditation is voluntary through ARC-PA and does ensure a certain level of educational standards, but it is not required and offers no current benefit. Since 2014The ARC-PA has placed the accreditation process for clinical postgraduate PA programs in abeyance while it studies a different type of process to recognize program educational quality. Association of Postgraduate PA Programs (APPAP): At the American Academy of Physician Assistants Convention in Los Angeles in May 1988 a group of postgraduate PA programs met to formalize a national postgraduate PA program organization. Bylaws were written and approved by the eight founding programs and the Association of Postgraduate Physician Assistant Programs (APPAP) was formed to further specialty education for PAs. Programs are not required to be registered with APPAP and certain membership criteria must be met to be eligible. While there are benefits to being registered with APPAP, there are also very expensive membership fees that programs may not wish to spend their money on. Do not be hesitant if the program you find interesting is not on APPA's or ARC-PA website. In 2017 this says very little about the quality of the postgraduate program. The Pros and Cons of Physician Assistant Residency Programs There are pros and cons to completing a residency program, but it is the decision of each individual PA to choose to participate, which greatly depends on the specialty. Where was the first postgraduate residency PA program established? Please wait while the activity loads. If this activity does not load, try refreshing your browser. Also, this page requires javascript. Please visit using a browser with javascript enabled. If loading fails, click here to try again Question 1Where was the first postgraduate residency PA program established? AMontefiore Medical CenterBNorwalk Hospital/Yale UniversityCHoward University HospitalDCedars-Sinai Medical CenterQuestion 1 Explanation: Montefiore's Physician Assistant residency is the oldest postgraduate residency program in the country. It was established in 1971 at the Montefiore Medical Center in the Bronx, NY by Marvin Gliedman, MD, Richard Rosen, MD, and Clara Vanderbilt, R-PA. Montefiore became the first hospital to include PAs as house officers on inpatient surgical services. Those PA's quickly became an integral part of the surgical team at Montefiore and their clinical experience was formalized into a 12-month residency in general surgery and surgical specialties. Montefiore PA Surgical Residency Program There is 1 question to complete. Return Shaded items are complete. 1 Return You have completed questions question Your score is Correct Wrong Partial-Credit You have not finished your quiz. If you leave this page, your progress will be lost. Correct Answer You Selected Not Attempted Final Score on Quiz Attempted Questions Correct Attempted Questions Wrong Questions Not Attempted Total Questions on Quiz Question Details Results Date Score Hint Time allowed minutes seconds Time used Answer Choice(s) Selected Question Text All doneNeed more practice!Keep trying!Not bad!Good work!Perfect! PROS of PA Residency Programs Residency programs allow the physician assistant to gain both clinical and didactic knowledge that would take years of on-the-job training to attain.It provides a faster paced, formalized training program of supervised practice, which allows physician assistants to be utilized much faster than new graduates. The PA can develop the judgment and technical abilities in a specialized practice area, thus increasing their confidence in their chosen specialties. Many employers give preference to residency-trained physician assistants. Residency programs can be a great way to transition to specialty practice for a mid-career PA looking for a new challenge. It is also recognized that most employers are willing to pay more for a physician assistant who completed a residency program. Emory University Critical Care Residency PA Surgical Residency Personal Account I attended the Norwalk/Yale Surgery residency 2 years ago. I thought the training was invaluable. The pay was less and the work was exhausting but Im absolutely positive I am a much better surgical PA because of it. I went into CT surgery after and feel like Ive always had a huge advantage in my field because of my training. I think most of the negative attitude towards residency comes from PAs that didnt complete one or had very little exposure to any. Most of the people I know that attended residencies were happy they did. I know theres a fear that residency training limits you to one specialty but I think it does the opposite. If you end up switching specialties it shows employers that you have a passion to learn and were willing to put in a little harder work for better training. It doesnt hurt your lateral mobility at all. If two candidates want to switch from CT surgery to Derm, who is the stronger candidate, the one with 3 years of CT experience, or the one with 2 years CT and 12 months of intensive surgical training? Sure, you can get a job that does an excellent job of training you up and allowing you to become a well-rounded, knowledgeable PA but some jobs just need you to crank out patients and know the right answer, not necessarily understanding why thats the right answer. Residency training just concentrates everything you have the potential to learn in your first 2-3 years into 12 long months. I personally believe if more people did residencies it would strengthen our entire career field. We pride ourselves in being trained in the medical model and residencies are what really separate Physicians from APPs, so why not. PA Cardiology Residency Personal Account I am currently in a cardiology post-graduate residency/fellowship at The Ohio State University. However, it is not accredited/not listed on the APPAP website. I decided to pursue this after graduation because I wanted more exposure in the different subspecialties of cardiology, something I dont think I couldve received if I got a general cardiology position. Here are some +/- of my experience so far (~4 months in) (+) -Exposure to many different sub-specialties: ep, hf, CT, vascular, transplant, adult congenital etc. Also get to spend time with palliative (mostly pts with hf), stress/echo lab, consults etc. -Decent pay (70k). I know I could get paid more but this amount was a good trade-off. -Lots of learning opportunities. I can and am encouraged to attend grand rounds, conferences etc that are set up for MD residents/fellows. We dont work excessive hours unlike medical residents. My hours average from 36-40ish a week m-f. Throw in study time and obviously, it goes up. -Good mix of inpatient/outpatient exposure. More so inpatient. -Program is very open to feedback/suggestions and are accommodating. For example, I wanted to spend some time in the stress lab to see vo2/stress/etc test and it was set up very soon after. I imagine the program to get better every year. (-) -Taking a hit on salary. -Moving to a new st 2500 miles from home is/was an adjustment. -The cardiology fellowship for mid-levels is a new thing at Ohio St so there are obviously things that can be improved such as some teams allowing us to just shadow, or some preceptors not knowing what the fellowship really entails. Each team I am part of is different from the next in terms of learning opportunity, etc. For the most part, many of the teams I am on I feel like I am part of a team and have preceptors who are genuinely interested in my education. Other times (which is rare) I feel like Im just there to shadow. In conclusion, the program here at OSU could use some more structure but overall Im glad I applied and was accepted. After just four months in, I am confident I will have more experience/knowledge than if I just took a job. With that said, after one year I obviously have much to learn and will be that way for the rest of my career. CONS of PA Residency Programs PAs who jump into specialty without residencies claim you can get paid 2-3 x as much, work less, and learn just as much while getting your training on the job. Even though employers are willing to pay more for a PA who completed a residency, the salary maxes out and becomes equal to those who did not do a residency program. Residency requires more education thus increasing the duration of school and structuring the profession more like a physician. Tuition for a Physician Assistant Program is around $78,000 for didactic months and the clinical year. If a student has to take out a loan for $36,000 for two semesters, and, with seven total semesters, our total debt at the end of our physician assistant program is around $126,000. This does not include any interested accumulated. Adding on more expenses and loans for residency programs may put the PA graduate in more debt and leave one with more accumulated interest that is more difficult to pay off in a timely fashion. A negative aspect of employers rewarding those who complete residency programs with a larger salary is that it could become mandatory for physician assistants to complete specialty residency training in order to compete for the positions since more applicants may apply for higher paying jobs than lower paying ones. Residencies require more education, therefore delaying those practitioners from entering the clinical setting on a full-time basis. This delay limits the number and availability of physician assistants as mid-level practitioners, exacerbating the lack of health care providers to meet the increasing demands of the population for health care. As you can see, this can turn into a contentious debate! What do you think, are fellowship programs here to stay? (window["TotalPollAsync"] = window["TotalPollAsync"] || []).push({id:"14730", container:"totalpoll-async-5e09a060ba267"}); PA program residency quick facts: What about my loans?You can defer student loans during your residency and some programs offer loan repayment. Do I get paid during my residency?Most residencies provide stipends of 40 - 75 k and require 40-80 hours per week up to 6 days per week. How many hours will I be required to work?The average program length is 12 months but some programs are up to 24 months long. How competitive is the process?10-30 people interview at each program annually and accept on average 1-4 residents. PA Residency Program offerings Check out the all new PASchoolfinder PA Residency Program Guide Below, is an exhaustive list of US PA postgraduate residency and fellowship programs as of January 2019. By far the most comprehensive PA residency programis hosted by the Carolinas Healthcare system which offers eight PA fellowships in Acute Care, Critical Care/Trauma, Family Medicine, Hospitalist, Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, Urgent Care and Urology! The Mayo Clinic also offers a deep network of PA residency programs in Critical care/Trauma, Hospitalist, Hematology, and Oncology, Internal Medicine, Otolaryngology and ENT. I have added a brand new section for Postgraduate PA residency programs as part of the PA School finder website. You can now search by program and specialty via a geographical search console or use the new interactive perfect match tool. PA Postgraduate Residency and Fellowship Programs by Specialty (Updated March 2019) Use the search box to search by specialty or location. Click the header column to sort based on that criteria. Click on the web link to visit the postgraduate residency program website. wdt_ID Program Specialty Location Months Size web 1 University of Missouri Acute Care Columbia, MO 15 2 Link 2 Carolinas Healthcare System Center Acute Care Charlotte, NC 12 28 Link 3 Advanced Practitioner Acute Care residency at Mission Health Acute Care Asheville NC 12 4 Link 4 Mercer-Piedmont Heart Cardiology Atlanta, GA 12 2 Link 5 St. Joseph Mercy Hospital Cardiothoracic Ypsilanti, MI 12 1 Link 6 Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Cardiothoracic Lebanon, NH 12 2 Link 7 Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center Cardiothoracic Houston, TX 12 3 Link 8 Carolinas Healthcare System Center Critical Care & Trauma Charlotte, NC 12 28 Link 9 Intermountain Medical Center Critical Care & Trauma Murray, UT 12 1 Link 10 Einstein/Montefiore Division of Critical Care Medicine Critical Care & Trauma Bronx, NY 12 ? Link Program Specialty Location Months Size web table.wpDataTable { table-layout: fixed !important; } table.wpDataTable td, table.wpDataTable th { white-space: normal !important; } .button { background-color: #e7e7e7; border: none; color: white; padding: 3px 5px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; font-size: 6px; } .linkbutton { background-color: #F3F3F3; border: none; color: white; padding: 3px 5px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; font-size: 6px; }table.wpDataTable td.numdata { text-align: right !important; } By the Numbers - What do the studies say? According to this PAEA study: PA postgraduate residency education provides an important educational vehicle for training graduate PAs in specialty care. A substantial proportion of residents proceed directly from entry-level to postgraduate training. Residents report satisfaction with their programs generally and specifically in terms of knowledge and skills acquired. More information comparing the differences between academic and internship models of residencyeducation is needed as is consideration of greater standardization in program record-keeping and support for research into the longitudinal outcomes associated with postgraduate education. According to this PAEA study: Although most students (89.3%) were aware of residency training programs, results indicated that few (7%) had definite plans to attend. Two-thirds of students stated that they received no information on residency training programs at school (journal ads were the most popular information source). Student perceptions of residency training programs were mixed. Their opinions varied according to their program level (p0.03) and intended region of future practice (p0.007). Additional significant variables related to student perceptions included student graduation date, age, and gender. However, these factors were not as significant as the geographic region of intended practice and degree level. Discussion: Although only one-third of students reported receiving material or information related to residency training programs from their faculty, two-thirds of faculty respondents stated that they provide students with residency information. Of those providing information, only 32.5% of faculty stated that they actually encourage their students to attend postgraduate training. Like their students, faculty members had mixed positive and negative perceptions of residency training programs Final Thoughts Personally, I have mixed feelings about residency programs for PAs. I see the benefits for PAs, supervising physicians and patients. But, I fear that residency programs may become a requirement rather than an option. This will lead to increase cost and time in school which is one of the key differentiators of the PA and MD profession. An alternative model would be very short, inexpensive, 2-3 month programs that would allow PAs to gain valuable experience prior to entering specialty. I would love a quick ER or orthopedic "refresher" if I were to change specialty at this point in my career. I think programs like this would be very popular. Especially as there seems to be less and less preceptorship to new PAs entering specialty. Like PA schools, long, expensive programs are probably not the solution. I am curious to see how this all plays out. Do you have an opinion? I would love to hear in the comments section! Additional resources and links If you haven't already don't forget to check out my Postgraduate PA Residency Section of the PA SCHOOL FINDER website and the new PA School Match Tool that allows you to narrow down your program search in real time! Residency programs can be competitive and often only have 1-2 available seats per application cycle. We are more than happy to help you with postgraduate application materials/essays through our personal statement collaborative. Do you know of additional residency programs not listed in this table? Let me know in the comments section and I will add them ASAP! You may also like -Does PA Program Length Matter? In a time long, long ago, just before the release of the first iPhone, I graduated from the UMDNJ (now Rutgers) PA program. It was a three-year PA program with a nearly 100% PANCE pass rate. At the time, Rutgers was one of the best []No Experience Required! 84 PA Schools That Dont Require Healthcare ExperienceAre you looking to get into PA School fast? Then skip the healthcare experience! Belowis a list of 84 PA programs in the United States that do not requirepatient careexperiencefor PA school admissions. I use "require" lightly []PA School Ranking by PANCE Pass Rates ince 1998 US News has been publishing the only known ranking of PA programs. Their rankings arebased on subjective peer assessment surveys of PA program faculty. Thesepeer assessment surveys are sent to deans, other []

Poverty and Destitution - 1299 Words

Defining Poverty Poverty has been defined in many different ways. Some attempt to reduce it to numbers, while others believe that a more vague definition must be used. In the end, a combination of both methods is best. DiNitto and Cummins (2007), in their book â€Å"Social Welfare, Politics and Public Policy,† present six definitions and explanations of poverty. Social reformers Webb and Webb (1911) present another angle on poverty. Essentially, all definitions are correct, the debate is of which to use when creating policy. â€Å"Less than† Poverty DiNitto and Cummings (2007) first present poverty as depravation. They explain that poverty as depravation is an insufficiency in an â€Å"item required to maintain a decent standard of living†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦However, there is another definition not mentioned in our text. Berleman (1970) in his article â€Å"Poverty- Some Dilemmas in Definition† quoted early twentieth century social reformers Webb and Webb as they describe poverty. Webb and Webb explain that destitution is â€Å"the condition of being without one or more of the necessities of life, in such a way that health and strength is so impaired as to eventually imperil life itself.† This definition provides the most concrete of standards as well as provides a harsh view of what poverty really is. Preventing Destitution The agenda to end poverty is nothing new in American politics. However, with the recent changes in the US economy the war on poverty is raging and politicians are making daring statements and promises. In the 2008 Compass Forum Barack Obama boldly vowed to halve poverty within 10 years. Later, Republican John McCain declared if he were voted president that the â€Å"eradication of poverty will be top priority of the McCain administration.† The interesting thing about these comments is the plan each politician created to support them. Both John McCain and Barack Obama followed in the footsteps of politician John Edwards, supporting the plan that he had once proposed. The plan included a list of actions that needed to be taken to alleviate poverty in the US. However, a the top of the list were only temporary solutions including increasing minimum wageShow MoreRelatedDeveloping White Collar Class Neediness And The United States1303 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty has been a predictable issue all through history. Regardless of what the middle wage, unemployment or general success level is, there will dependably be individuals who are destitute and hungry. In spite of being a standout amongst the most prosperous nations on the planet, the United States is not safe to it either. Indeed, even today, there are still individuals attempting to discover safe house, nourish their children and discover warm apparel. This social issue impacts affects distinctiveRead MorePoverty in China1079 Words   |  5 Pages12/3/14 Poverty in China FRIDAY October seventeenth was Chinas first official â€Å"Poverty Alleviation Day†, a yearly assembly of discussions and pledge drives, intended to rally deliberations to battle hardship. Obviously, because of Chinas quick financial advancement, the nation as of now assuages a great deal of destitution every day: a year ago the quantity of rustic poor fell by 16.5m or in excess of 45,000 individuals every day. However that still left 82.49m individuals stuck in countryRead MorePoverty And Education Dealing With Social Change Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty and Education Dealing with Social Change Populace, destitution and sexual orientation are the three interconnected elements, assuming huge part in access to essential instruction. The measure of populace, its development rate and arrangement has made unfavorable consequences for the financial advancement and thusly opened the conduit for lack of education and extraordinary destitution the nation over. While the part of instruction as an impetus in taking out neediness and imbalance from societyRead MoreThe End Of Poverty By Jeffrey Sachs807 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The End of Poverty, How Can We Make It Happen In Our Lifetime† is written by Jeffrey Sachs and published in 2005. He is a Director of the Earth Institute, Professor and Economic adviser. The rock star Bono, wrote the foreword and campaign for AIDS prevention. Multiple strategies and fourteen interesting chapters were explored by the book on how to stop extreme poverty. He argues, act of goodwill from rich countries can help the poorer nations to subdue global absolute poverty by 2025. DonationsRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States843 Words   |  4 Pageslive in hardship, more than 46 million individuals live without necessities in America. Compared with the poorest nations on the planet, the destitution rate in the U.S. is moderately humble. In a few nations, the impoverishment rate is more than five times the United States. In Haiti, the most astounding on the planet, 77% of inhabitants live in destitution. Education and proficiency rates are especially low in these nations. (Hess and Weigley 2012) Haiti is a nation in is a nation in the westernRead MorePoverty Is The Problem Of Poverty1159 Words   |  5 PagesPoverty is the issue that many countries are facing and try to figure out a method for managing poverty in order to ensure the wellbeing of their citizens, Developed countries like Australia is also confronting a destitution issue in their citizen. Poverty can be characterized from various perspectives, which depend on each country’s standard. Here, poverty can be defined as an economic condition of lacking both money and basic necessities needed to successful in life, particularly for those whoRead MoreFunctionalist Perspective And The Conflict Perspective On Education Essay1252 Words   |  6 Pagesstate capitalism 4. Thoroughly describe trends in U.S. poverty using course materials. Compare and contrast Oscar Lewis’ culture of poverty thesis with Williams Julius’ Wilson’s theory of social dislocation to explain patterns of poverty. (20 points) Poverty rates in the U.S. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor statistics the trends of poverty in the U.S. are continually varying when seen through a significantly long stretch. The destitution rate expanded in 1990 to 1993. Then it dropped step byRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States1115 Words   |  5 Pagess wage. The U.S. Bureau of Wellbeing and human Administrations intermittently redesigns destitution rules and relying upon what state you live in the rules range. In 2009 the neediness limit for a group of five is $25,790 (Administrations, 2009). The government destitution levels are measured through the neediness rules and to focus budgetary qualification is done through destitution limits. Destitution rate has numerous varieties in the middle of ethnic and racial subgroups. In 2009, 25.8%Read MorePierre Bourdieu and Cultural Capital and Cultural Relativism 1563 Words   |  7 Pagesof a conductor. (Bourdeiu 72) Devoid of conscious intention to produce recurring outcomes, habitus is the recognition of durably patterned dispositions and practices associated with culture. The purpose of this paper is to explore the habitus of poverty, patterned practices developed cross-culturally as a result of inadequate resources and the survivalist responses necessary to meet basic human needs, by noting comparisons and differences between the populations of â€Å"Death Without Weeping† by NancyRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie1136 Words   |  5 Pagesthat reside in these reservations endure incurable poverty that keeps on prevailing. This dim world loaded with destitution and much oppress has motivated the main character, Junior to understand what kind of life he would expect if he escapes from Spokane rez. The impact of poverty has shaped Junior into a valiant and clever person, who has taken the risk of moving into a white school in Rearden. Junior is mo tivated to change because of the poverty in the reservation, the support of his teacher and

Essay on Boston Tea Party - 1420 Words

Boston Tea Party When the Boston Tea Party occurred on the evening of December 16,1773, it was the culmination of many years of bad feeling between the British government and her American colonies. The controversy between the two always seemed to hinge on the taxes, which Great Britain required for the upkeep of the American colonies. Starting in 1765, the Stamp Act was intended by Parliament to provide the funds necessary to keep peace between the American settlers and the Native American population. The Stamp Act was loathed by the American colonists and later repealed by parliament. (http://www.bostonteapartyship.com/History.htm) However, the British government quickly enacted other laws designed to solve monetary†¦show more content†¦( USA, 1) But, the colonists boycotted the tea. Large segments of the population supported the boycott, and it became common protest throughout the colonies. Various colonies made plans to prevent the British East India Company from landing its cargoes. In some ports, shipments of tea were returned or the chosen agents were forced to resign. (USA, 1) In Boston, the chosen agents were relatives of royal Governor Thomas Hutchinson and of course, they would not resign. Hutchinson made preparations to land the tea regardless of the popular feeling. Boston, a leading port city, where many important colonists were merchants, was a focus of colonial resistance to the Tea Act. It was also the home of the radical agitator, Samuel Adams, who staged a spectacular demonstration on the evening of) December 16, 1773. One hundred and fifty Bostonians, masquerading as Indians, made their way through a large group of spectators. They went aboard three ships, broke open the tea chests, and dumped them into the harbor. (http://www.bostonteapartyship.com/History.htm The excitement of the event, and the details of the evening were later recorded by George Hewes, and eyewitness and participant in the event. He states that the tea was contained in three ships, lying near each other at Griffin’s wharf. Armed war vessels surrounded these three cargo ships. The commanders of the war vessels hadShow MoreRelatedThe Boston Tea Party746 Words   |  3 Pagessemester we discussed many different topics about modern world history. The topic that was most interesting to me was the Boston Tea Party. Many questions clouded my mind when we were talking about it. What lead to throwing the tea in the harbor? How did the â€Å"leader† of this act get people to go along with his plan? How did the British react, specifically the king? The Boston Tea Party is one of the most important protests that happened in history. The French and Indian war was expensive for the BritishRead MoreThe Actions Of Boston Tea Party1127 Words   |  5 Pages2015 The Actions That Led to Boston Tea Party: 1773 On December 16, 1773, American Patriots disguised themselves as Mohawk Indians boarded the ships of the East Indian Company docked in the Boston Harbor, and poured all the tea that was on the three ships into the ocean. They emptied three-hundred forty-two chests of tea which was valued at more than 10,000 pounds. This event became known as the Boston Tea Party. It was a reaction to the Tea Act of 1773. The Tea Party was the key event that startedRead MoreThe Boston Tea Party By Frankie951 Words   |  4 PagesThe Boston Tea Party By Frankie Introduction With the conflict between the British and the colonies intensifying over the rights of â€Å"taxation without representation†, both sides continued building more tension that lead up to the Boston Massacre. In this event, the British fired into a crowd of Boston Citizens killing five colonists and leading to a trial against the British soldiers. Now with the lack of the colonist s concede to the British demands, this lead the colonist refusing to pay taxesRead MoreThe Success Of The Boston Tea Party Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pageswords of Margaret Mead, the American Cultural Anthropologists, summarize most historical events where people unite towards a purpose. The cultural identity of a country is molded when its people unite for a cause; one such event is the Boston Tea Party. The Boston Tea party is an important watershed in American history, one that determined the American identity forever. The establishment of independence from British colonization however did not happe n overnight. The uprising was organized, carried outRead MoreEssay Boston Tea Party1251 Words   |  6 Pagesupon three British ships carrying tea, and threw over 90,000 pounds of tea into the harbor. However this was not the cause of the revolutionary war, it was multiple things that the British government did to the Americans to provoke them to fight back. Many think it was right what they did to the American colonist, but many know it was wrong and some even consider it to be illegal. The British Government put a tax on stuff for everyday use, like paper, stamps, tea, etc. The American colonist knewRead MoreThe Causes Of The Boston Tea Party4692 Words   |  19 Pages The Boston Tea Party was a direct protest by colonists in Boston against the Tea Tax that had been imposed by the British government. Boston patriots, dressed as Mohawk Indians, raided three British ships in Boston harbor and dumped 342 containers of tea into the harbor. There were many things that caused the Bos ton Tea Party to happen. There were acts such as the Sugar Act and the Currency Act that caused the Boston Tea Party to happen, which all had to do with money or taxes. The sugar act wasRead MoreEssay Boston Tea Party830 Words   |  4 Pages The Boston Tea Party nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Most people have heard about the Boston Tea Party. When American’s dumped British Tea in Boston Harbor. But not everyone understands the importance of it, and why the Tea Party is still remembered today. It was on December 16, 1773, when American patriots disguised as Mohawk Indians threw 342 chests of tea belonging to the British East India Company from ships into Boston Harbor. â€Å"The Americans were protesting both a tax on tea (the TownshendRead MoreThe Success Of Boston Tea Party1881 Words   |  8 PagesBoston Tea Party The colonies owned by Britain in North America, sought independence. Between the 1760s to present day a lot has changed. The effects of the Boston Tea Party have thrived throughout America ever since.The Boston Tea Party was a significant event in U.S. history, largely because of tea’s importance at that time, the acts of rebellion that occurred during the tea party, and the impacts they had on shaping today’s society. Carp stated that around the early 1580’s, Europeans adoptedRead MoreThe Boston Tea Party Of 1773994 Words   |  4 PagesThe Boston Tea Party of 1773 was a statement made by angry colonists to the British Parliament that enough was enough. The colonists were enraged over Parliaments constant abuse of power. They wanted their independence and Parliament wanted no part of that, which fueled their cause and the incidents thereafter will go down in history as the most important endeavors in history. Leading up to the revolt were events that further agitated the colonists and began to strain the relationship betweenRead MoreThe Revolution Of The Boston Tea Party1243 Words   |  5 PagesSons of Liberty s greatest protest was the Boston Tea Party. This act showed the government that they would do anything, even dump $1,700,000 worth of tea into the harbor for freedom. As a result of the Boston Tea Party the Coercive or Intolerable Acts were passed. These acts were to punish the colonies for their rebellious behavior and stop more of these protests. The Group The Sons of Liberty were the people responsible for the Boston Tea Party. They were a secret underground rebellion against

A Comparison of Leadership Abilities of Odysseus in...

Comparing the Leadership Abilities of Odysseus in Odyssey and Aeneas in Aeneid These two heroes have embarked from the same destination but on very different journeys. Whilst they are both Iliadic heroes at the start of their stories, they develop and adapt their manner towards the characteristics required of them to succeed. Before we judge them, it is necessary to determine our definition of a successful leader. A hero from the Iliad must be a speaker of words and one who is accomplished in action, according to the horseman Phoinix (Iliad.9.413). A leader must have these primary qualities then, as he must lead by example, but to create the ideal we must add to this. The leader should rely on no others but in turn listen to†¦show more content†¦When he lands at Carthage and Venus is kind enough to give him information about Didos people, she is disguised and departs immediately after having spoken, to the despair of Aeneas (you so often mock your own son...you too are cruel A.1.406). The other help he receives is limited (thick mist A.1.411) and with no knowledge of its existence. Whilst his mother is vehement in defending her son and his people when she is on Olympus (it is unspeakable. We are betrayed A.1.252 take pity on them A.10.60), no action is taken to ease him in his distress or console him in person. Within the Aeneid, the gods are not the ever-present guardians that Athene is to Odysseus in the Odyssey, whether they agree or not (Hercules checked the great groan... helpless tears streamed A.10.465). Athene on the other hand, not only helps Odysseus with her divine power but she gives him advice (go to the swineherd O.13.403), disguises him (change you beyond recognition O.13.396), and even cares for his family (instil more spirit into Odysseus son O.1.89, prompted the wise Penelope O.21.1). She is very intimate with Odysseus, conversing at length and speaking very openly (you are so persuasive, so quick-witted, so self-possessed O.13.333). Whilst Venus never alights on the earth to console Aeneas in his grief (heart sick at the sadness of war A.8.29), Athene can not bear to leave her hero

The Princess Of Elis Monologue Essay Example For Students

The Princess Of Elis Monologue Essay A monologue from the play by Moliere NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from The Dramatic Works of Moliere, Vol. II. Ed. Charles Heron Wall. London: George Bell Sons, 1898. EURYALUS: Alas! my dear Arbates, if for a while I defied the power of Love, he takes now full vengeance! If you but knew what sufferings are torturing my heart, even you would wish that I had never loved. For see where my destiny leads me! She whom I so ardently love is the Princess of Elis. You know what pride is hidden under her divine charms: how it makes her resist all feelings of love; how she shuns, during these days of brilliant rejoicings, the society of that crowd of admirers attracted here with the hope of winning her. Ah! how untrue it is that the one we are destined to love, charms us at first sightthat the first glance kindles in our breast that passion to which we are destined from our birth! On my return from Argos I passed through this place and then saw the Princess. I looked upon her and all her charms as one contemplates a fine statue. I quietly beheld her dazzling youth, but the sight brought no trouble to my heart. I returned to the shores of Ithaca in perfect pe ace of mind, and lost even for two years all remembrance of her. Then, rumours of the scorn with which she treated every offer of homage reached my court. It was said that her proud soul had a most unconquerable aversion to the bonds of marriage; and that with a bow in her hand, a quiver on her shoulder, a second Diana, she frequented the woods, cared for nought but the chase, and let all the youth of Greece sigh for her in vain. We cannot wonder too much, Arbates, at the freaks of passion in our heart, nor at the strange workings of fate! The fame of her haughty coldness gave rise in my soul to unknown feelings which I could not master, and which her presence and beauty had failed to call forth. Her well-known contempt for love had the secret power of bringing back all her features to my remembrance, and of making me look back at her charms with new eyes. I formed in my mind such a noble and beautiful image of her, I pictured to myself so much pride and such pleasure if I could but triumph over her coldness, that my heart, dazzled by the splendour of such a conquest, saw the glory of its liberty vanish away. In vain I tried to resist the attraction; its charm took such hold upon my senses that, urged on by an irresistible power, I sailed in all haste from Ithaca. Here, however, I conceal my ardent passion under the desire of appearing at these renowned sports, to which the illustrious Iphitas, father of the Princess, has invited most of the princes of Greece. What would it serve me to declare my love, Arbates? Should I not draw on myself her haughty disdain, and rank myself among those submissive princes whom she considers her enemies from the moment they have declared themselves her lovers? The sovereigns of Messenia and Pylos pay useless homage to her, and the fame of their great virtues is in vain seconded by faithful deference. This repulse of their love makes me conceal in silence all the violence of mine. When I consider the fate of these famous rivals, I feel myself already condemned, and in her contempt for them I read my own sentence.

Hobbes And Locke Essay Example For Students

Hobbes And Locke Essay Hobbes and Locke Outcome 2 . Thomas Hobbes was born in Wiltshire, England in 1588 just prior to the Spanish Armada. Philosophy is defined by Hobbes as the reasoned knowledge of effects from causes, and causes from effects. Hobbes was educated in Oxford where he learnt about the great classics and also of Aristotle, however Hobbes disliked Aristotles approach that democracy was the best form of government. Hobbes spent many a year on the continent and his disliking for Aristotles works grew, when he returned to Britain there was a civil war underway so he left the country again and wrote several pieces of literature, these include the, ?De Cive? and ?The Elements of law?. Later on his book the ?Leviathan was published?. Hobbes died in 1679 after becoming one well-known political writer, but he has not been forgotten and his political thought lives on. Hobbess most famous piece of work the, ?Leviathan? presents life before government was formed this was what Hobbes referred to as the, ?State of nature?. Hobbes believed that every man was naturally equal and due to this war was inevitable because every man was for himself. War would be inevitable as fought for material possession and for basic necessities like water and food. The first of these, ?causes of quarrel- maketh man invade for gain, the second for safety and the third for reputation?. With this continuing state of war and would produce a lifestyle in which there would be no society, industry or trading. As Hobbes states that there would be; ?No knowledge of the face of the earth; no account of time; no arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, contains fear and danger of violent death; and the life of man solitary, poor nasty, brutish and short.?For Hobbes the, ?State of nature? was a way of rationalising how people would behave in their most basic state. Ho bbes advanced from what Ren? Decartes stated ?I think , therefore I am.? Hobbes used the individual as a building block from which all his political theories arose. Hobbes formed his theories by way of empirical observation and he believed that the universe was just atoms in notion and therefore could be measured by geometry and mathematics and could be used to explain human behaviour. According to Thomas Hobbes people would willing give up all their rights to everything and anything as long as every individual was willing to do this. Nevertheless basic human nature would not allow this and with no way of controlling it people would soon break it in an attempt to control a greater share of power over one another. Hobbes recognised that in order to ensure the stability and peace in his opinion this could be achieved by means of a Social contract. Hobbes realising that the only way to maintain order among the people would by having an authoritarian government. He gave the government the name of Leviathan which when translated means monster. This meant that in exchange for individual rights the people would have in return peace, security and protection from one another. The people would not want to return to the basic state of nature and therefore would not protest against the government which would have power over their natural liberty. The social contract would at first be set-up by men to establish a commonwealth which in turn would be governed by a sovereign to whom in the interest of self preservation, simple right to govern oneself is abolished. The sovereign may be an individual or a group of individuals who are not part of the social contract. However the citizens themselves are part of the social contract and this means that they will obey the sovereign and obey the rules that the sovereign has enforced. Since the sovereign has all power there would never arise any contract between the subjects and the sovereign to break. To add this once the contract has been established the subjects need to seek the sovereigns permission to break it. As a result of forming this contract nothing that the sovereign does can be seen as unjust and as a result of establishing this contract an artificial man or leviathan is formed. Hobbes gives the sovereign absolute power. Enuresis EssayThis contract of society is formed when people give up their total freedom and move from the natural state into society. This society would roughly be split into two. There would be the property owners and the non property owners. As Marxist calls them the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. In this society property owners who were industrious and hard working were given the right of suffrage and the non property owners seen a non- industrious were not. In order to fulfil contracts within society and government the society contracts an impartial third party to act as the government. This contract as mentioned earlier is sometimes known as the trustee relationship because the government has no rights but works for the good of the people. The government is given its power to act by the property owning portion of the population, and not by the society as a whole. Lockes theory also differs from Hobbes because the society has the power to overthrow the government. Locke stated that since the society made the government they have the power to abolish it, whereas in Hobbes theory the government was all powerful and the people would dread going back to the state of nature that the leviathan will not be overthrown. This is also because the leviathan being solely powerful will only check against itself. Locke however feels that the government could be abolished without returning to the state of nature because the social contract would be upheld. If the government was abolished then another would be elected through a majority vote. This has the idea that the government is accountable to the people. The above themes show that Locke favoured a limited government whereas Hobbes favoured an authoritarian one. Lockes society is designed to protect property, but Lockes definition of property is not the same as everyone elses. overall then, we are left wit h a society that is designed to prevent the abuse of power and to let people live peacefully and prosperously in an equal society. Hobbes however wanted the citizens to be restrained and have no say in the way the country was ran. Hobbes wanted there to be a dictatorship where decisions were solely in the hands of the sovereign and not the people whom lived in the democracy, so was this theory was actually liberal democracy. Bibliographyhobbes by jason graygoverning the state by samuel edwards

Problems Caused by Mercantilism for the American Colonists free essay sample

According to the theory of mercantilism, the colonies only existed to serve the interests of Britain. But it seemed as if Britain was abusing their right over the colonies. They enforced many policies such as the Stamp Act, the Townsend Duties, and the Tea Act which caused many problems for the colonists. One problem that the colonists faced was the Stamp Act of 1765. This act imposed a new tax on legal documents, newspapers, playing cards and dice. The Americans did not agree with it.It was not the cost of the stamp that angered hem, it was the principle. They had no say in what the British Parliament did. The tax provoked a fire storm of protests, and the boycotting of British goods began. Some colonists did not limit their protests to words. In several cities, groups Of people attacked officials who defended British policy. The Stamp Act was not a good idea, and one year later it was repealed. We will write a custom essay sample on Problems Caused by Mercantilism for the American Colonists or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But that wasnt the end. The Townsend Duties posed as another difficulty. These duties required the colonists to pay minor import duties on tea, lead, oil, papers and painters colors.Since Britain had imposed unnecessary taxes on the colonies before, this was not new. John Dickinson encouraged protesters to join in the battle by writing the first twelve Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania. Protests began once again and cut British trade in half. Britain sent troops to be stationed in Boston to enforce the Townsend Duties, and the colonists refused to quarter the troops. The Townsend Duties were repealed in 1770, three years after it began. And three years after that, a new act arose.Parliament passed the Tea Act in an attempt to save the East India Company room bankruptcy and reassert its right to tax. A group of Boston patriots destroyed a shipment of tea in a protest known as the Boston Tea Party. Residents threw the cargoes of several ships into the harbor. The pattern of events between 1 763 and 1775 by the British complicated the lives of the colonists, but didnt last long. The polices that were enforced were often protested and then repealed. Soon after, the colonies broke free from Britains rule, and no longer had to put up with tyrannical rules from their previous parent country.

Supply Chain Management - Tasty Treats Example

Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Management What recommendations should Rachel make in her presentation to Tasty Treats senior management? Rachel should give advice that can help the business solve the challenge of how much stock to order from their suppliers. She should propose introduction of a system that gives Tasty Treats a real time analysis of stock levels. This would involve the introduction of computerized systems, such as QuickBooks, which provide an easy way of assessing stock levels. Such systems indicate the amount of stock at hand at any time, thus alerting the supply department of the need to make more orders when the stocks approach the reorder level. A just in time stock system would also minimize the levels of stocks that would lead to excessive holding costs. A reduction in holding costs minimizes the expenses of the business, which translates to a better bottom line, and more capital.The management of Tasty Treats faces a challenge of realizing the importance of high service levels, and Rachel should highli ght the integral role it plays in business. A high level of customer service, for instance, ensures that the business does not receive any stock outs, leading to customer satisfaction. Therefore, she should insist on Tasty Treat offering their customers impeccable service. Such service draws more customers to the business, thus increasing the average sales. An increase in sales would result in greater profits for the business. More to these, excellent customer service distinguishes an organization from competitors, leading to a competitive lead in the industry. Therefore, she should insist on a 99 percent service level for Tasty Treats.Tasty Treats faces a problem of not taking advantage of discounts offered by suppliers. If the business works at achieving a high customer service level, the company’s sales ought to increase. Consequent to these, Tasty Treats would be compelled to order more, thus take advantage of available discounts from suppliers. The discounts help in lowe ring the ordering costs, thus releasing substantial finances to other activities.

When Is Military Force Justified

When Is Military Force Justified Too Much, Too Often – the Giant Military State We Live In It’s a sad fact that this beautiful, magical world has become a military state. We just hear about it so much these days due to social media and the Internet. Because of greedy, immoral people, the assumed solution to today’s many problems, especially between countries, is war – killing, genocide, torture, violence, and suffering. It’s frightening how often a country relies on military force to defend its country’s major multi-billion dollar enterprises – like ones refining crude oil, and mining other valuable entities such as metals and gemstones. MLA ESSAY EXAMPLE WAR AS SEEN THROUGH THE MEDIA War as an Assumed Solution to Today’s Many Problems When exactly is military force justified? Is it ever justified? The answer lies, of course, in the eyes of the beholder. But when one considers the tumultuousness nature of today’s world, they eventually come to the realization that, yes, military force is often justified. The important question, however, is when it’s justified. Before answering this question and arguing for when exactly military force is justified, it’s important to consider what comprises â€Å"military force.†   It is when a country’s military, also known as its armed forces, has no other choice but to use deadly force and weapons to support the interest of the state and of its citizens – its main function. This means casting fire on the enemy, dropping bombs from planes, detonating nuclear warheads, even resorting to biological warfare. Military Force Is Justified When There Is an Impending Threat to One’s Borders So, when is military force justified? For one, when there is an impending threat to one’s borders. If a country is on the verge of being invaded, it has the right to use military force. When a country’s citizens are on the brink of being slaughtered, the country as a whole should be able to resort to military force. It comes down to defending one’s way of life, not lying down and dying. Fighting for one’s borders, freedom, safety, and happiness is surely one reason to use violence and weaponry as a means for peace, though it does sound like a contradiction. In World War II, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor – and rather than doing nothing, which would assuredly invite similar attacks and possible invasion, America went to war against the Axis Powers. The country came together and stood up for its right to freedom and happiness; it meant that no country would attack America and get away with it. This is one prime example of when military force is ju stified. Secondly, military force is also justified when a larger, wealthier and more powerful country or group of countries threatens invasion, invades or attacks a less powerful country. For example, in 2008, Russia attacked the former Soviet Republic Georgia. It was the typical David vs. Goliath scenario. Russia accused Georgia of foul play against the autonomous republic to the south, and sent in troops to negotiate â€Å"peace.† Instead, Russia got whatever it wanted, a buffer zone between Russia and the Middle East, in turn bullying the small country into submission. Military force was not justified on the part of Russia, but Georgian military forces surely had the right to defend its motherland. And Georgia was not a NATO country, like Turkey, the United States, the United Kingdom, France and many other countries with powerful armies that could have used military force to defend the weaker, less powerful and wealthy country of Georgia. This is a classic case of how military forc e should be enacted when it’s justified. A big, powerful country was bullying a small country that could not defend itself; therefore, it had the right to resort to military force. To conclude, military force is, unfortunately, a reality in today’s world. But the lines of what â€Å"justifies† it are quite blurry. What is wrong in one country’s eyes are righteous in another’s. That is the tragedy of our times. But as long as there is good in the world, as long as there are countries like the United States, France, Ukraine and Germany and others that stand for peace and Democracy, good will prevail over evil. Though not without too much bloodshed and hatred along the way. We can only hope and plan for the world with no war, though it is quite unlikely to happen anytime soon. We can be sure of that fact.

The World Bank Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The World Bank - Assignment Example Some people say that when you love or are fulfilled, by what you do for a living, then you never really work a day in your life. Most people do not earn a living doing what most people want to do. They did not make the difference they wanted to make. Most people compromise, for one reason or another, and settle for what is most stable and guarantees the bills are paid. This is not a wrong decision; it is, in fact, a very responsible one. However, all the same, when asked, they will likely tell you they wish that they had gone another direction. It is a rare opportunity to really be inspired and fulfilled by where one works. That said, the goal of choosing a direction that is, both, financially consistent, as well as, something that is fulfilling is fundamentally important. The World Bank is an organization where that potential for that outcome to be realized. The World Bank was founded in 1944 and is a collaboration of five institutions. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and lastly, the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID).("The world bank," 2012)   Each of these groups focuses and contributes to the financing and facilitating aid to middle income, developing, and destitute countries. Whether it is providing low interest or interest-free loans, guaranteeing potential losses with reluctant investors, or providing arbitration and mediation in investment disputes, they are encouraging growth. It is not just financial contributions, but also, environmental and humanitarian endeavours as well. In totality what has been created is a very dedicated entity, which is far more than the sum of its technical parts. The World Bank’s chosen mission is, ultimately, rather simple. They have one intent and supreme goal of ending global poverty. To do this they are deeply invested in projects dedicated to aiding those in poverty-stricken, under-developed, and suffering populations all over the world. They focus on a concept, they call, the Millennium Achievement Goals, which, â€Å"†¦calls for the elimination of poverty and sustained development.†

Food Business and the Defence of Due Diligence Essay

Food Business and the Defence of Due Diligence - Essay Example The accused operator is required to establish beyond doubt that the proposed offence occurred due to the fault or negligence of a person, agency or organization that was not under one's direct control and that one thoroughly and credibly assured that the food items under question were checked to the extent of being reasonable (Food and Safety Act, 1990). The accused is also required to establish beyond doubt that he was totally oblivious of the fact that the proposed omission committed by him would amount to an offense under the Food and Safety Act, at some time in the future (Food and Safety Act, 1990). The court of law accepts the defence of due diligence to be valid if the accused food operator, conclusively proves and satisfies the above mentioned requirements and corroborates authentically that the food items under scrutiny were never meant to be sold under one's brand name or mark (Food and Safety Act, 1990). In an ideal scenario, resorting to the defence of due diligence by a food operator necessitates an unwavering compliance with the spirit of this provision in the Food and Safety Act, 1990, which was introduced after a widespread public outcry following the instances of the sale of contaminated and substandard food items in the UK (Lyddon, 2005). Basically the defence of due diligence

Mrs. Mallards Moment of Illumination in Story Of An Hour Essay

MRS. MALLARD’S â€Å"BRIEF MOMENT OF ILLUMINATION† Mrs. Mallard’s "brief moment of illumination" is a very deep and touching story about a lady who is forced to be married to a man she did not really know and did not love deeply with all her heart, as if she is bound with unhappiness for life! Now she has been liberated. The narrator portrays that was feeling a kind of freedom that she could not describe, but does not know how to deal with it. In this essay matters such as this freedom she was feeling, the little love she had for her husband, the "monstrous joy" she was feeling will be discussed. Matters such as women’s issues and their feelings towards life and death are also included in this essay. These matters are all part of Mrs. Mallard’s "brief moment of illumination". "Story of an Hour" was written and published in 1894. This story was written in an era where a lot of questions where risen, about who the dominant sex was and why. This story was written to share with the world how men treated women in that era and how men really felt about women. Women were forced to be with men and were bound to be unhappy. The biggest question was the "Women’s Question". What role the women fulfilled in the society and that the female species were the less dominant species. Men were the overriding species, women were forced to do things they did not want to do and were forced to be with men they did not really love and care for. In the "Story of an Hour" Mrs. Mallard is also force being with a person she did not really know. She never really loved him and cared for him the way she was supposing to. Mrs. Mallard was treated the same as all the women were treated in that era, badly and were abused in many ways if they did not do what th... ...ut it is not. The whole hour is about her inner conflict about her freedom and if she has been â€Å"wildly abandoned† by her husband and the feeling of freedom that she can not handle. This concludes the essay about Mrs. Mallard’s â€Å"brief moment of illumination†. This essay has discussed everything that was mentioned in the introduction paragraph. The paragraph illustrates the narrator’s depiction of Mrs. Mallard’s â€Å"brief moment of illumination† very well. This shows her inner conflict she is fighting inside of her mind and thoughts about the freedom she has received and that she is bound to it and she does not know how to deal with it. Bibliography 1. Starfield, Jane, 2008, Anthology of Poetry & Short Stories (A Reader for 2008) 2. Ferguson, I, 1997, Cross-Currents: An Anthology of Short Stories. Hatfield: Acacia Books 3. www.vcu.edu/engweb/webtexts/hour/

Enhancement (Philosophy) Essay

Cognitive enhancement is the improvement of one’s mental capacity and or mental attributes such as personality, where it is considered optional and not medically necessary (Schmidt-Felzmann, 2012). Enhancement is different to treatment as treatment is linked to the curing of an illness, whereas enhancement is merely improving an already medically healthy body or mind, however, at times it is quite difficult to draw a line between the two (Schmidt-Felzmann, 2012). Types of enhancements include improving one’s athletic abilities through the use of steroids, undergoing cosmetic surgery which is deemed medically unnecessary, or, reducing one’s need to sleep through the consumption of drugs such as Provigil. Enhancements can even encompass things that are commonly availed of every day, such as the consumption of caffeine (Schmidt-Felzmann, 2012). There are many ethical and practical concerns in relation to cognitive enhancement and whether or not it should be allowed such as Authenticity (Keeping true to oneself), which is a key concern , with both proponents and opponents of cognitive enhancement interpreting authenticity in different ways (Parens, 2005). Two ethical frameworks have developed which try to answer the questions raised by cognitive enhancement and indeed enhancement in general, these frameworks are known as the existentialist model (Self creation) and the Rousseauean model (Gratitude) (Parens, 2005). These frameworks differ on whether or not cognitive enhancement should be allowed, the existentialist model being in favour of cognitive enhancement and the Rousseauean model opposed to the application of it (Schmidt-Felzmann, 2012). Along with authenticity there are other major ethical concerns that could arise from the widespread use of cognitive enhancing methods, namely drugs (Butcher, 2003). Such concerns include a possible increase in the gap between rich and poor and the possibility of the loss of values, namely the value of hard work, which helps make a human being what they are (Butcher, 2003). Philosophers and indeed people in general who favour the existentialist model value autonomy greatly and therefore believe that so long as a human being does not harm another, they should be free to do with their body or mind what they please. If these things may be quite ridiculous and inadvisable, existentialist still believe that they should be condoned, so long as the person in question is well informed on the issue (Schmidt-Felzmann, 2012). There is also a view that Humans not only have the ability but may also have the responsibility to enhance their condition, not only through normal everyday enhancements but also through artificial means, which are not seen as qualitatively different (within existentialist circles) to everyday enhancements (Schmidt-Felzmann, 2012). There are, however, some problems with this framework. For instance, in many cases the individual who is given a cognitive enhancement, is not always fully autonomous (Schmidt-Felzmann, 2012). This is the case in many poor urban areas in the United States, in many schools in these areas up to a third of boys now take Ritalin, even though a large portion of them do not suffer from ADHD (Farah et al. 2004). Using enhancements to simply subdue easily distracted and unruly children could be seen as ethically wrong, this is because a large percentage of children simply are naturally unruly and easily distracted (Farah et al. 2004). To change this, could be seen as changing the personality of the child in question to such an extent that they are essentially no longer the same child, here we see the question of authenticity rise again (Parens, 2005). It is in situations such as these that we see a clear divide between the two frameworks. Most proponents of framework one (self-creation) would be in favour of this sort of cognitive enhancement as they would view the child as essentially the same person, only improved, while the opponents of this framework hold a different belief (Parens, 2005). Proponents of framework two, or the Rousseauean model, place huge importance in the value of â€Å"the given† (Schmidt-Felzmann, 2012). In other words, they believe we should not tamper past our natural potential. This however gives rise to problematic questions, such as, where can we draw the line between natural and artificial enhancements? (Schmidt-Felzmann, 2012). Framework two argues that cognitive enhancement ignores fundamental facts about the human mind and its limits, it asserts that these limits should be respected. These beliefs could also be seen as a breach of authenticity. When we think of the effects that cognitive enhancement could have on human authenticity we think of the effects it might have on the identity of an individual. While this is important, it is also important to look at the human race as a whole and how cognitive enhancement and enhancement in general might affect its authenticity. From the Stone Age right up to the current social age, humans have constantly strove to improve themselves and their quality of life. In recognition of this, it could be argued that to not enhance our current state of being would be in violation of our nature and of our identity as human beings. When this view is taken it becomes clear that the Rousseauean model can also lead to a breach in authenticity, this, along with other reasons is perhaps why a large portion of philosophers show a certain level of ambivalence towards the two frameworks when it comes to major ethical matters (Parens, 2005). Enhancement, cognitive enhancement in particular, raises many ethical concerns. As already discussed, authenticity is a prime concern, however there are also other important matters which need to be considered before any decision is made on whether or not cognitive enhancement should be allowed. For instance, the introduction of cognitive enhancing drugs could lead to a widening in the gap between rich and poor (Butcher, 2003). This would be that case as such drugs would likely be out of reach (financially) to the lower classes of society. In the long term further problems would arise, as the poor would likely have little or no access to these cognitive enhancing drugs, the upper class would essentially develop into generally more intelligent beings. This would make it far harder for a member of the lower class to compete for college places or jobs (Butcher, 2003). It has been argued, however, that the risk of a widening of the gap between the wealthy and the poor should not be a factor to stand against the introduction of cognitive enhancers as enhancers such as third level education already do this (Butcher, 2003). Another ethical issue is the possibility of the loss of the value of hard work (Butcher, 2003). While this may not seem like such a pressing issue, one must first fully consider the implications this may have in the long term. Humans may use there increased level of intelligence irresponsibly due to a lack of experience gained from having to work hard to overcome obstacles. Along with these issues the safety of such drugs is also an important matter (Farah et al. 2004). It is clear from these observations that the possibility of distribution of cognitive enhancers amongst the public is a very contentious issue, which makes the question â€Å"Should cognitive enhancement be allowed? † a very difficult one to answer. In my opinion, cognitive enhancement should be allowed, although only under certain conditions. The production of such enhancers should be undertaken only by the government so as to ensure the fair and equal distribution of cognitive enhancers amongst all social classes. Drugs should be extensively tested before mainstream introduction in order to assure the safety of the product. These measures may, however, not be enough. Governments would have the means to manipulate the public by introducing other properties to cognitive enhancing drugs, For instance they could use certain ingredients to create a more patriotic and docile population this would be a prime concern in politically unstable countries or in those of communist leanings. Should the entire population of a country regularly take a drug, which was deemed essential to take, untold damage could be done to the human condition. A world without free will could develop, with the world population under the control of one drug, and those who produced it. Perhaps the cognition of the human race is not yet evolved enough to consider its enhancement. Bibliography: Parens, Erik. (2005) â€Å"Authenticity and Ambivalence: Toward Understanding the Enhancement debate† Hastings Center Report, Vol. 35, Number 3, May-June, pp. 34-41. Schmidt-Felzmann, Heike. (2010) â€Å"Personal Identity and Human Nature: The Enhancement Debate, Heike Schmidt-Felzmann 12/10/12. † Philosophical questions & issues. [online. ] Available at: https://nuigalway. blackboard. com/webapps/portal/frameset. jsp? tab_tab_group_id=_2_1&url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_31108_1%26url%3D%252Fwebapps%252Fblackboard%252Fexecute%252FdisplayIndividualContent%253Fmode%253Dview%2526content_id%253D_419734_1%2526course_id%253D_31108_1 (Accessed: 03/12/12.) Butcher, James. (2003) â€Å"Cognitive enhancement raises ethical concerns† The Lancet, Vol 362 (9378) p. p 132–133. Farah, Martha J. Illes, Judy. Cook-Deegan, Robert. Gardner, Howard. Kandel, Eric. King, Patricia. Parens, Eric. Sahakian, Barbara & Root Wolpe, Paul. (2004) â€Å"Neurocognitive enhancement: what can we do and what should we do? † Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Vol: 5. P. p 421-425.

Introduction to Underwriting - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2283 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? INTRODUCTION TO UNDERWRITING Underwriting is an agreement, entered into by a company with a financial agency, in order to ensure that the public will subscribe for the entire issue of shares or debentures made by the company. The financial agency is known as the underwriter and it agrees to buy that part of the company issues which are not subscribed to by the public in consideration of a specified underwriting commission. The underwriting agreement, among others, must provide for the period during which the agreement is in force, the amount of underwriting obligations, the period within which the underwriter has to subscribe to the issue after being intimated by the issuer, the amount of commission and details of arrangements, if any, made by the underwriter for fulfilling the underwriting obligations. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Introduction to Underwriting" essay for you Create order The underwriting commission may not exceed 5 percent on shares and 2.5 percent in case of debentures. Underwriting has become very important in recent years with the growth of the corporate sector. It provides several BENEFITS to a company:- It relieves the company of the risk and uncertainty of marketing the securities. Underwriters have an intimate and specialized knowledge of the capital market. They offer valuable advice to the issuing company in the preparation of the prospectus, time of floatation and the price of securities, etc. They also provide publicity service to the companies which have entered into underwriting agreements with them. It helps in financing of new enterprises and in the expansion of the existing projects. It builds up investors confidence in the issue of securities. The issuing company is assured of the availability of funds. Important projects are not delayed for want of funds. It facilitates the geographical dispersal of securities because generally, the underwriters maintain contacts with investors throughout the country. TYPES OF UNDERWRITING Syndicate Underwriting: is one in which, two or more agencies or underwriters jointly underwrite an issue of securities. Such an arrangement is entered into when the total issue is beyond the resources of one underwriter or when he does not want to block up large amount of funds in one issue. Sub-Underwriting:- is one in which an underwriter gets a part of the issue further underwritten by another agency. This is done to diffuse the risk involved in underwriting. Firm Underwriting: is one in which the underwriters applyfor a block of securities. Under it, the underwriters agree to take up and pay for this block of securities as ordinary subscribers in addition to their commitment as underwriters. UNDERWRITERS To act as an underwriter, a certificate of registration must be obtained fromSecurities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). The certificate is granted by SEBI under the Securities and Exchanges Board of India (Underwriters) Regulations, 1993. These regulations deal primarily with issues such as registration, capital adequacy, obligation and responsibilities of the underwriters. Under it, an underwriter is required to enter into a valid agreement with the issuer entity and the said agreement among other things should define the allocation of duties and responsibilities between him and the issuer entity. These regulations have been further amended by theSecurities and Exchange Board of India (Underwriters) (Amendment) Regulations, 2006. ROLE OF UNDERWRITERS The primary role of the underwriter is to purchase securities from the issuer and resell them to investors. Underwriters act as intermediaries between issuers and investors, providing for an efficient of capital. The underwriters take the risk that it will be able to resell the securities at a profit. Perhaps the most visible and familiar element of the initial public offering process is the underwriter. The underwriter is the organization that is actually responsible for pricing, selling, and organizing the issue, and it may or may not provide additional services. With direct public offerings, there is no need for an underwriter. Selection of a good underwriter is of the utmost importance, but its important to understand that many underwriters are equally selective of their clients. Because an underwriters reputation depends on successful issues, few firms will be willing to stake their reputation on questionable companies. When selecting an underwriter, its important to seek out an established company with a good reputation and quality research coverage in your field. The decision may also depend on the kind of agreement the underwriter is willing to make regarding the sale of shares. For profitable and established private companies, it shouldnt be difficult to locate an underwriter willing to make a firm commitment arrangement. Under such an agreement, the underwriter agrees to buy all issues shares, regardless of ability to sell them at a particular price. For riskier or less established companies, an underwriter may offer best efforts arrangement for the initial public offering. A best efforts contract requires the underwriter to buy only enough shares to fill investor demand. Under this arrangement, the underwriter accepts no responsibility for unsold shares. Aside from fees and sales arrangements, most underwriters are fairly similar in their roles. An underwriter will assist in the preparation and submission of all appropriate SEC filings, helping potential investors make informed decisions about your offering. All underwriters are required to exercise due diligence in verifying the information they submit, so a certain amount of investigation should be expected from any responsible underwriter. In addition to SEC registration filings, the underwriter will create a preliminary prospectus that will become a major part of the issues marketing campaign. This document is also referred to as the red herring, after a small red passage in the document that states that the company is not attempting to sell shares prior to SEC approval. Once SEC approval is obtained, the underwriter and the corporation will embark on a road show to gauge and attract interest from investors. While the road show does not involve getting binding commitments from investors, it helps the underwriter determine the best strategies for pricing and issuance. After the initial public offering, the underwriter continues to provide services for the newly public corporation. For months or even years after the offering, the underwriter may continue to make a market for the stock, ensuring liquidity for investors and making the shares more desirable. Twenty-five days after the issue, the underwriter is also permitted to make statements or projections regarding the company and its prospects. ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH ARTICLES ARTICLE 1 ROLE OF UNDERWRITER IN INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING (IPO) When a company wants to raise funds throughinitial public offering (IPO)it appoints aninvestment bank for underwritingthe issue. AnInvestment bankis also called asmerchant bank. There is no regulatory restriction to use the services of amerchant bankfor IPO. Since in an IPO a company participates for the first time, it doesnt have complete understanding of the rules and documentation, required to be submitted, to get a clearance from the regulator. Famous merchant bankers world over are Goldman Sachs, Credit Suisse and Morgan Stanley. Banks like Deutsche, Citi, UBS etc have investment banking wings. Underwriters assess and analyze firms current performance, firms future earnings potential, industry scenario, competition in the same sector, current local and global market situations etc. to decidethe issueprice/price band. They also work on the activities like completion of the mandatory documentation as required by the regulatory body. Underwriters charge a fee for this activity , which is generally a percentage ofthe issuesize. If the issue size is very large a syndicate of merchant banks takes up the task of underwritingthe issue. However onemerchant bankleads the other. MERCHANT BANKERS The merchant bankers are those financial intermediaries involved with the activity of transferring capital funds to those borrowers who interested in borrowing. They guarantee the success of issues by underwriting them. Merchant banks are popularly known as issuing and accepting houses. Unlike in the past, their activities are now primarily non-fund based (fee based). They offer a package of financial services. The basic function of merchant banks is marketing corporate and other services that are guaranteeing sales and distribution of securities and also other activities such as management of customer services, portfolio management of customer services, portfolio management, credit syndication, acceptance credit, counseling, insurance, etc. As per SEBI (Merchant bankers) Rules, 1992: Merchant bankers means any person who is engaged in the business of issue management either by making arrangements regarding selling, buying or subscribing to securities or acting as manager, consultant, advise or rendering corporate advisory service in relation to such issue management. MERCHANT BANKING Merchant banking activity was formally initiated into the Indian capital markets when grind lays bank received the license from reserve bank in 1967.grindlays started with management of capital issues ,recognized the needs of emerging class of entrepreneurs for diverse financial services ranging from production planning and system design to market research .even it provides management consulting services to meet the requirements of small and medium sector rather than large sector. Citibank setup its merchant banking division in1970.the various tasks performed by this divisions namely assisting new entrepreneur ,evaluating new projects ,raising funds through borrowing and issuing equity. Indians banks started banking services as a part multiple services they offer to their clients from 1972.state bank of India started the merchant banking division in 1972.in the initial years the SBIS objective was to render corporate advice and assistance to small and medium entrepreneurs. REGISTRATION OF MERCHANT BANKERS WITH SEBI It is mandatory for a merchant banker to register with the sebi. Without holding a certificate of registration granted by the securities and exchange board of India, no person can act as a merchant banker in India. Only a body corporate other then a non-banking financial company shall be eligible to get registration as merchant banker. The applicant should not carry on any business other than those connected with the securities market. All applicants for merchant bankers should have qualifications in finance, law or business management. The applicant should have infrastructure like office space, equipment, manpower etc. The applicant must have at least two employees with prior experience in merchant banking. MERCHANT BANKERS IN INDIA There are 135 merchant bankers who are registered with sebi now in India. There are public sector, private sector and foreign players registered with sebi. The below are the examples of few of the merchant bankers in each of the public, private and foreign players. PUBLIC SECTOR MERCHANT BANKERS SEBI CAPITAL MERKETS LTD. PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK. IFCI FINANCIAL SERVICES LTD. KARUR VYSYA BANK LTD. STATE BANK OF BIKANER AND JAIPUR. PRIVATE SECTORS MERCHANT BANKERS: ICICI SECURITIES LTD. AXIS BANK LTD(FORMERLY UTI BANK LTD.) BAJAJ CAPITAL MARKETS LTD TATA CAPITAL MARKETS LTD. ICICI BANK LTD. RELIANCE SECURITIES LIMITED. KOTA MAHINDRA CAPITAL COMPANY LTD. YES BANK LTD. FOREGN PLAYERS IN MERCHNT BANKING. GOLDMAN SACHS(INDIA)SECURITIES PVT.LTD. BARCLAYS SECURITIES(INDIA)PVT.LTD. BANK OF AMERICA.N.A. DEUTSCHE BANK. DEUTCHE EQUITIES INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED. SERVICES OF MERCHANT BANKS PROJECT COUNSELLING: Project counseling includes preparation of project reports,deciding upon the financing pattern to finance the cost of the project and appraising the project report with the financial institutions or banks.it also includes filling up of application forms with relevant information for obtaining funds from financial institutions and obtaining government approval. MANAGEMENT OF DEBT AND EQUITY OFFERINGS This forms the main function of the merchant banker.he assists the companies in raising funds from the market.the main areas of work in this regard include: instrument designing, pricing the issue, registration of the offer document, underwriting support and marketing of the issue, allotment and refund, listing on stock exchanges. ISSUE MANAGEMENT Management of issue involves marketing of corporate securities viz. equity shares, preference shares and debentures or bonds by offering them to public. Merchant banks act as per SEBI guidelines, the merchant banker arranges a meeting with company representatives and advertising agents to finalize arrangements relating to date of opening and closing of issue, registration of prospectus, launching publicity campaign and fixing date of board meeting to approve and sign prospectus and pass the necessary resolutions. Pricing of issues is done by the companies in consultant with the merchant bankers. MANAGERS, CONSULTANATS AND ADVISERS OF THE ISSUE: The managers of the issue assist in the drafting of prospectus, application forms and completion of formalities under the companies act, appointment of registrar for dealing with share applications and transfer and listing of shares of the company on the stock exchange. Companies can appoint one or more agencies as managers to the issue. UNDERWRITING OF PUBLIC ISSUE: Underwriting is a guarantee given by the underwriter that in the event of under subscription, the amount underwritten would be subscribed by him. Merchant banking subsidiaries cannot underwrite more than 15% of any issue. PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT: Portfolio refers to investment in different kinds of securities such as shares, debentures or bonds issued by different companies and government securities. Portfolio management refers to maintaining proper combinations of securities in a manner that they give maximum return with minimum risk. RESTRUCTURING STRATEGIES: AA merger is a combination of two companies into a single company where one survives and other losses its corporate existence. A takeover is the purchase by one company acquiring controlling interest in the share capital of another existing company. Merchant bankers are the middlemen in setting negotiation between the companies. Merchant bankers assist the management of the client company to successfully restructure various activities, which include mergers and acquisitions, management buyouts, joint ventures among others. OFFSHORE FINANCE: The merchant bankers help their clients in the following areas involving foreign currency: Long term foreign currency loans Joint ventures abroad Financing exports and imports Foreign collaboration arrangements ROLE OF MERCHANT BANKER IN A PRIMARY MARKET ISSUE MANAGEMENT: Merchant banker is the intermediary appointed by companies in the primary market issue. It has to look at the entire issue management and work as the manager to the public issue. References: https://lastbull.com/iporole-of-underwriter/